The human eye can be teased and entertained, can struggle to find what is real and what is artifice, what is on the surface and what is in deep space. I have produced single shot images that make the viewer unsure of just what is happening within the photo frame.

Sometimes the image flips back and forth, sometimes one cannot tell which is the front and which is the back. Sometimes, there is a mirrored surface turning the environment upside down. Sometimes, the graphic aspect of the photograph is disarming, and it is rather unsettling to figure out just where one is, or exactly what one is observing. I call them “optical images,” tricks that the eyes and the brain play with depth of field and uncertain surfaces.